European eels (Anguilla anguilla) undertake a 5000-km spawning migration from Europe to the Sargasso Sea although they do not feed during the migration. Indeed swimming organisms at large have refined their senses, morphologies, gaits and mechanical properties to effectively propel and maneuver in a variety of unsteady flow conditions.

Machine learning is a branch or artificial intelligence which aims at building models from known data, with few or no hypothesis on the underlying physical phenomenon. Machine learning is nowadays used in many disciplines such as medicine, industrial processes, e-commerce, transport, to cite only a few.

Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences de l’ingénieur et technologie The numerical solution of high-frequency Helmholtz problems by discretization methods such as the finite element method is a big challenge. Indeed, obtaining high-fidelity solutions requires to assemble and solve extremely large linear systems, whose size increases more than linearly with frequency.

Chemical energy carriers will play an essential role for future energy systems, where harvesting and utilization of renewable energy occur not necessarily at the same time or place, hence long-time storage and long-range transport of energy are needed. For this, hydrogen holds great promise.

The presence of a porous layer at the surface of an immersed body modifies the nature of the flow at the solid-porous-fluid interface. This modification may lead to flow regularization and the use of porous coatings is considered as a passive flow control technique. However the understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for such flow regularization with porous media is still incomplete.

Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences de l’ingénieur et technologie Fe-based alloys are of increasing interest for the use as bioresorbable materials. Their mechanical properties are adequate for the use as stents but they present too slow degradation rates.

Abstract: Whenever something moves in the human body, our muscles do the work. However, while today it is part of everyday clinical practice to replace joints and bones with artificial parts, reconstruction medicine still has great difficulties finding a suitable replacement for damaged or destroyed muscles.

Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences de l’ingénieur et technologie While playing on an acoustic piano, a pianist feels an essential sensory information called the touch. Along with the sound, these two feedbacks give the musician greater control and expressivity with the instrument.

Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences de l’ingénieur et technologie The long-standing desire for a profound understanding of the surrounding physical phenomena has led to numerous scientific breakthroughs, which are mirrored in the development of formalism and the means to predict the behavior of these abstract systems.

Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en sciences de l’ingénieur et technologie L’humain exploite des ressources pour répondre à ses besoins énergétiques. Depuis la nuit des temps, du bois a été consommé pour la cuisson et le chauffage. Avec la révolution industrielle, les besoins en énergie ont entamé une forte croissance.