INGI
Place Sainte Barbe 2/L5.02.01
1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Accueil
- Répertoire
- Eric Piette
Eric Piette
Professeur
- 2016 - Doctor in Artificial Intelligence: A Stochastic Constraint-Based Approach to General Game Playing - Artois University
- 2013 - Master in Computer Science - Application Infrastructures and Software Engineering - Lille University
- 2011 - Bachelor in Mathematics and Computer Science - Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France
- Software:
- Ludii: A complete general game system, based on the ludemic approach and class grammar mechanism, written in Java. It is designed to play, evaluate and design a wide range of games, including board games, dice games, mathematical games, and so on. This allows the full range of traditional strategy games from around the world to be modelled in a single playable database. Ludii’s game description language tends to lead to game descriptions that are significantly shorter than previous game description languages (such as Stanford’s GDL), and they also tend to be much easier to read. On top of those advantages, the system can run most of these games significantly faster than older GGP systems. All of these advantages combined are expected to make the system interesting for many Artificial Intelligence researchers, in particular those active in General Game Playing. Ludii ships with a number of built-in AI controllers, which we aim to continue improving. Ludii can also import custom AI implementations. Instructions and examples for writing your own Ludii AI controller can be found in their own github repository. This software is a product of the ERC project Digital Ludeme Project in which I am part of (Here). It's already led to an important number of publications mostly on the topic of General Game Playing (Here). Ludii is available for non-commercial use under a Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence and Open Source (code Here).
- WoodStock - With Our Own Developper STOchastic Constraint toolKit: A constraint-based general game player for the General Game Playing (GGP). It consists on two parts : (i) A network player spy-ggp communicating with the game manager from the GGP server ; (ii) A parser GDL to SCSP and of the MAC-UCB's algorithm (see). It's a new stochastic constraint-based approach combined with a Monte Carlo method for GGP. When its first participation at a GGP's international competition organized by Stanford on ggp.org, WoodStock obtained the second place during the qualification day and finished third during the final day (Open Tiltyard). Since March 2016, WoodStock is leader on the continuous play match on the Tiltyard GGP server. The August 25 2016, WoodStock won the International General Game Playing Competition (IGGPC'16) and became the GGP's world champion.
- Grants:
- Main Proposer and Chair of COST Action CA22145 (~600,000 euros on 4 years) GameTable: Computational Techniques for Tabletop Games Heritage
- Grant access to Computing Time on National Computer Facilities (1,000,000 hours) on the Dutch National Supercomputer Snellius
- Support grant from COST Action CA16228 (16740 euros) to organise a workshop
- Support grant from University Fund Limburg/SWOL (2500 euros) to organise a workshop
- Support grant from University Fund Limburg/SWOL (4200 euros) for 3D Printing Facilities to Support Dissemination of Game Knowledge
- Awards:
- Runner-up Best Paper Award in IEEE Conference On Games 2019
- One of the 3 finalists for the Distinguished Paper Award in IJCAI-2017 (Selected out of 2540 submitted papers)
- Thesis Award AI 2017 of the AFIA (Association Française pour l'Intelligence Artificielle)
- WoodStock International Champion GGP 2016
- Best paper and presentation in JFPC 2016
- Media Appearances:
- Wired article (2021) - This AI Resurrects Ancient Board Games—and Lets You Play Them
- Vice article (2019) - Scientists Are Discovering Long-Lost Rules for Ancient Board Games
- MIT Technology Review article (2019) - Machine learning is about to revolutionize the study of ancient games
- Atlas Obscura article (2019) - Researchers Are Using Artificial Intelligence to Reconstruct Ancient Games
- Actu IA (2018) - Intelligence artificielle : la communauté scientifique des Hauts-de-France se structure pour renforcer son identité dans le domaine
- INS2I article (2016) - Une intelligence artificielle dirigée par les contraintes championne de General Game Playing
- Organization of Events:
- Main Organiser of the Ludii AI Competition, during the 25th Computer Olympiad (IJCAI), July 2022
- Main Organiser of the Digital Ludeme Workshop Game AI Applications for Historical Games Research, Maastricht University, April 2022
- Participation in the Organisation of Advances in Computer Games Conference (ACG), Online, 2021.
- Participation in the Organisation of a Dagstuhl Seminar in April 2019
- Member of the Organisation Committee of the Journées Francophones de Programmation par Contraintes 2017 (JFPC'17)
- Participation in the Organisation of the summer school Advanced Course on Artificial Intelligence 2015 (ACAI'15)
- Participation in the Organisation of the PlateForme d'Intelligence Artificielle, Lille, 2013 (PFIA'13)
- Positions:
- Assistant Professor, UCLouvain, ICTEAM, September 2023 - ...
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Leiden University, LIACS, April 2023 - August 2023
- Postdoctoral Researcher, Maastricht University, DACS, September 2018 - August 2023
- Lecturer Assistant, Paris-Dauphine-PSL University, LAMSADE, November 2017 - August 2018
- Lecturer Assistant, Artois University, CRIL, November 2016 - September 2017
- PhD Position, Artois University, CRIL, October 2013 - October 2016
- Research Internship in Multi-Agent Systems, Lille University, CRIStAL (formerly LIFL) - SMAC Team, March 2013 - August 2013
- Software:
- Diplômes
Année Label Institution 2008 (informations manquantes) Université d'Artois 2011 Master en sciences informatiques Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille : Lille I 2013 Doctorat en Informatique Université d'Artois
- 2023-2024:
- LINFO1212: Projet d'Approfondissement en Sciences Informatiques
- LINFO1361: Intelligence Artificielle
- 2020 - 2023:
- Master:
- Intelligent Search & Games
- Master:
- Before 2019:
- Bachelor:
- Algorithmics 1 (Python)
- C2i (LaTeX, Words, OpenOffice)
- Algorithmics 4 (C)
- Computer Science (VBA)
- Object Oriented Programming (Java)
- Advanced Algorithmics (C)
- Database (MySQL - PostgreSQL)
- Object Oriented Conception (Java)
- Web Programming (PHP)
- Master:
- Network (C - Java)
- Mobility (Android)
- Bachelor:
- 2023-2024:
- Les cours
My primary focus is on Game Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications. I specialise in various areas such as Machine Learning (ML), Explainable AI (XAI), Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) and Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) in the context of General Game Playing (GGP).
I am the main proposer of the GameTable COST Action CA22145 - Computational Techniques for Tabletop Games Heritage. An international and interdisciplinary network of scholars and stakeholders from all career stages across academia, industry, and heritage institutions to inspire methodologies and applications on how to use game AI to study, reconstruct, and preserve the intangible cultural heritage of games.
I was previously part of the Digital Ludeme Project, a five-year ERC-funded project running from April 2018 to August 2023. The project aimed to provide a computational study of traditional strategy games throughout recorded human history and explored their role in human culture and the spread of mathematical ideas. In this project, we developed the Ludii General Game System, which is designed to play, evaluate and design a wide range of games such as board games, dice games, mathematical games, and more. Using structured sets of ludemes (units of game-related information), Ludii can model the full range of traditional strategy games from around the world in a single playable database.
My Ph.D. thesis entitled "A Stochastic Constraint-Based Approach to General Game Playing" introduced a new approach based on the stochastic constraint satisfaction problem (SCSP) and the Bandit-based stochastic sampling for General Game Playing. This approach simplifies the resolution of each problem by demonstrating the equivalence between the detected constraint/solution symmetries in the constraint network generated with the structural/strategies symmetries described by the GGP games. In practice, this work is substantiated by the general game player called WoodStock, which won the International General Game Playing Competition 2016 (IGGPC'16) organised by Stanford University.
Piette, Eric ; Crist, Walter ; Soemers, Dennis J.N.J. ; Rougetet, Lisa ; Courts, Summer ; Penn, Tim ; Morenville, Achille. GameTable COST action: kickoff report. In: ICGA Journal, Vol. 45, no. 4, p. 1-17 (2024). doi:10.3233/icg-240245.
Soemers, Dennis J.N.J. ; Kowalski, Jakub ; Piette, Eric ; Morenville, Achille ; Crist, Walter. GameTable Working Group 1 meeting report on search, planning, learning, and explainability. In: ICGA Journal, Vol. 46, no.1, p. 28-35 (2024). doi:10.3233/icg-240251.
Soemers, Dennis J.N.J. ; Samothrakis, Spyridon ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew. Extracting tactics learned from self-play in general games. In: Information Sciences, Vol. 624, no. 1, p. 277-298 (2023). doi:10.1016/j.ins.2022.12.080.
Soemers, Dennis J.N.J. ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Spatial state-action features for general games. In: Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 321, no. 103937, p. 32 (2023). doi:10.1016/j.artint.2023.103937.
Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis J.N.J. ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. The 2022 Ludii AI competition. In: ICGA Journal, Vol. 45, no.1, p. 16-27 (2023). doi:10.3233/icg-230230.
Dennis J.N.J. Soemers ; Mella Vegard ; Piette, Eric ; Matthew Stephenson ; Cameron Browne ; Olivier Teytaud. Towards a General Transfer Approach for Policy-Value Networks. In: Transactions on Machine Learning Research, (2023).
Browne, Cameron ; Piette, Eric ; Crist, Walter ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis. Report on the 2nd Digital Ludeme Project Workshop. In: ICGA Journal, Vol. 44, no. 2, p. 56-66 (2022). doi:10.3233/icg-220211.
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. WoodStock : un programme-joueur générique. In: Revue d'intelligence artificielle, Vol. 31, no.3, p. 281-310 (2017). doi:10.3166/ria.31.281-310.
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. General game playing with stochastic CSP. In: Constraints, Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 95-114 (2015). doi:10.1007/s10601-015-9199-5.
Piette, Eric ; Browne, Cameron ; Soemers, Dennis. Ludii Game Logic Guide, 2023. 110 p.
Crist, Walter ; Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Computational Approaches for Recognising and Reconstructing Ancient Games: The Case of Ludus Latrunculorum. In: Alessandro Pace, Tim Penn, Ulrich Schädler (eds), Games in the Ancient World : Places, Spaces, Accessories, Editions Mergoil, 2024. 978-2-35518-145-0 (Accepté/Sous presse).
Browne, Cameron ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis. Ludii General Game System for Modeling, Analyzing, and Designing Board Games. In: Editors : Newton Lee, Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 2023, p. 1-15. 9783319082349. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08234-9_486-1 (Accepté/Sous presse).
Dennis J.N.J. Soemers ; Vegard Mella ; Piette, Eric ; Matthew Stephenson ; Cameron Browne ; Olivier Teytaud. Encore Abstract: Towards a General Transfer Approach for Policy-Value Networks. Joint International Scientific Conferences on AI and Machine Learning for Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg (Utrecht, Netherlands, du 18/11/2024 au 20/11/2024).
Todd, Graham ; Padula, Alexander ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis ; Togelius, Julian. GAVEL: Generating Games Via Evolution and Language Models. NeurIPS 2024, the Thirty-Eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (Vancouver, Canada, du 09/12/2024 au 15/12/2024).
Dorina Moullou ; Walter Crist ; Timothy Penn ; Piette, Eric. Gametable Network: Unveiling the Past, Embracing the Future Through AI-Driven Archaeological Research. 30th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists (Rome, Italie, du 28/08/2024 au 31/08/2024).
Soemers, Dennis J.N.J. ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. The Ludii Game Description Language is Universal. 2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (Milan, Italy, du 5/8/2024 au 8/8/2024). In: 2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2024. 979-8-3503-5067-8. doi:10.1109/cog60054.2024.10645550.
Morenville, Achille ; Piette, Eric. Vers une Approche Polyvalente pour les Jeux à Information Imparfaite sans Connaissance de Domaine. Plate-Forme d'Intelligence Artificielle - Rencontres des Jeunes Chercheurs en Intelligence Artificielle (La Rochelle, France, du 01/07/2024 au 05/07/2024).
Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Browne, Cameron. Measuring Board Game Distance. CG 2022: Computers and Games (du 22/11/2022 au 24/11/2022). In: Computers and Games : Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2022. 9783031340161, p. 121-130. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34017-8_11.
Piette, Eric ; Rougetet, Lisa ; Crist, Walter ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. A Ludii analysis of the French Military Game. Board Game Studies (Paris, France, du 13/04/2021 au 16/04/2021) (Accepté/Sous presse).
Stephenson, Matthew ; Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. Automatic Generation of Board Game Manuals. Advances in Computer Games: 17th International Conference (Maastricht, The Netherlands, du 23/11/2021 au 25/11/2021). In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science : Advances in Computer Games, 2021. 9783031114878, p. 211-222. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11488-5_19.
Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. General Board Game Concepts. 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (Copenhagen, Denmark, du 17/8/2021 au 20/8/2021). In: 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2021. 9781665446082. doi:10.1109/cog52621.2021.9618990.
Browne, Cameron ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis. General Board Geometry. Advances in Computer Games: 17th International Conference (Maastricht, The Netherlands, du 23/11/2021 au 25/11/2021). In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science : Advances in Computer Games, 2021. 9783031114878, p. 235-246. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11488-5_21.
Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Browne, Cameron. General Game Heuristic Prediction Based on Ludeme Descriptions. 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (Copenhagen, Denmark, du 17/8/2021 au 20/8/2021). In: 2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2021. 9781665446082. doi:10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619052.
Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Optimised Playout Implementations for the Ludii General Game System. Advances in Computer Games: 17th International Conference (Maastricht, The Netherlands, du 23/11/2021 au 25/11/2021). In: Advances in Computer Games: 17th International Conference, 2021. 9783031114878.
Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Optimised Playout Implementations for the Ludii General Game System. Advances in Computer Games: 17th International Conference (Maastricht, The Netherlands, du 23/11/2021 au 25/11/2021). In: Advances in Computer Games: 17th International Conference, 2021. 9783031114878.
Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Sironi, Chiara ; Winands, Mark ; Browne, Cameron. Ludii - The Ludemic General Game System. 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Santiago de Compostela, Spain, du 29/08/2020 au 08/09/2020). In: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 2020. 978-1-64368-100-9, p. 411-418.
Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Manipulating the Distributions of Experience used for Self-Play Learning in Expert Iteration. 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (Osaka, Japan, du 24/8/2020 au 27/8/2020). In: 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG 2020), 2020. 978-1-7281-4534-1. doi:10.1109/cog47356.2020.9231589.
Browne, Cameron ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis. A Practical Introduction to the Ludii General Game System. Advances in Computer Games: 16th International Conference (Macao, China, du 11/08/2019 au 13/08/2019). In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science : Advances in Computer Games, 2019. 9783030658823, p. 167-179. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65883-0_14.
Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. An Empirical Evaluation of Two General Game Systems: Ludii and RBG. 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (London, United Kingdom, du 20/8/2019 au 23/8/2019). In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2019. 9781728118857. doi:10.1109/cig.2019.8847994.
Stephenson, Matthew ; Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. An Overview of the Ludii General Game System. 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (London, United Kingdom, du 20/8/2019 au 23/8/2019). In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2019. 9781728118857. doi:10.1109/cig.2019.8847949.
Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Browne, Cameron. Biasing MCTS with Features for General Games. 2019 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) (Wellington, New Zealand, du 10/6/2019 au 13/6/2019). In: 2019 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2019. 9781728121543. doi:10.1109/cec.2019.8790141.
Browne, Cameron ; Piette, Eric. Digital Archaeoludology. Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (Krakow, Poland, du 23/04/2019 au 27/04/2019).
Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Sironi, Chiara ; Winands, Mark ; Browne, Cameron. LUDII - Le Système Ludémique de General Game Playing. Conférence Nationale en Intelligence Artificielle (Toulouse, France, du 01/07/2019 au 05/07/2019).
Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Learning Policies from Self-Play with Policy Gradients and MCTS Value Estimates. 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (London, United Kingdom, du 20/8/2019 au 23/8/2019). In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2019. 9781728118857. doi:10.1109/cig.2019.8848037.
Piette, Cedric ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. Ludii and XCSP: Playing and Solving Logic Puzzles. 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (London, United Kingdom, du 20/8/2019 au 23/8/2019). In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2019. 9781728118857. doi:10.1109/cig.2019.8848086.
Stephenson, Matthew ; Piette, Eric ; Soemers, Dennis ; Browne, Cameron. Ludii as a Competition Platform. 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG) (London, United Kingdom, du 20/8/2019 au 23/8/2019). In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), 2019. 9781728118857. doi:10.1109/cig.2019.8848084 (Accepté/Sous presse).
Browne, Cameron ; Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric. Strategic Features for General Games. Knowledge Extraction from Games (Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, du 27/01/2019 au 03/02/2019). In: Knowledge Extraction from Games, 2019. 978-1-57735-801-5, p. 70-75.
Stephenson, Matthew ; Piette, Eric ; Browne, Cameron. Teaching and Learning with LUDII. Board Game Studies (Bologna, Italy, du 07/05/2019 au 10/05/2019).
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. Constraint-Based Symmetry Detection in General Game Playing. Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Melbourne, Australia, du 19/8/2017 au 26/8/2017). In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Main track, 2017. 978-0-9992411-0-3, p. 280-287. doi:10.24963/ijcai.2017/40.
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. Programmation par contraintes stochastiques pour le General Game Playing avec informations incomplètes. Journées Francophones de Programmation par Contraintes (Montpellier, France, du 13/06/2016 au 17/06/2016) (Accepté/Sous presse).
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. Stochastic Constraint Programming for General Game Playing with Imperfect Information. General Intelligence in Game-Playing Agents (New York, USA, du 09/07/2016 au 10/07/2016). In: Computer Games, 2016. 978-3-319-57969-6.
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. Compiling Strategic Games with Complete Information into Stochastic CSPs. AAAI on workshop : Planning, Search, and Optimization (Austin, Texas, USA, du 25/01/2015 au 30/01/2015).
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. General Game Playing with Stochastic CSP. Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (Cork, Ireland, du 31/08/2015 au 04/09/2015). In: Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming: 21st International Conference, 2015. 978-3319232188, p. 727.
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. Résolution de SCSP avec borne de confiance pour les jeux de stratégie. Journées Francophones de Programmation par Contraintes (Bordeaux, France, du 22/06/2015 au 24/06/2015) (Accepté/Sous presse).
Morge, Maxime ; Piette, Eric. Practical Application of Matchmaking Problem: Trainee Allocation for Teachers. International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (Salamance, Spain). In: Advances in Practical Applications of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems. The PAAMS Collection, Vol. 8473, no.10.1007, p. 195–206 (2014). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07551-8_17.
Koriche, Frédéric ; Lagrue, Sylvain ; Piette, Eric ; Tabary, Sébastien. Traduction de jeux à information incertaine en réseaux de contraintes stochastiques. Journées Francophones de Programmation par Contraintes (Angers, France, du 11/06/2014 au 13/06/2014) (Accepté/Sous presse).
Piette, Eric ; Morge, Maxime. Swing++ : méthode multi-agents pour la résolution du problème des mariages stables. Modèles Formels de l'Interaction (Lille, du 01/07/2013 au 05/07/2013) (Accepté/Sous presse).
Browne, Cameron ; Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Crist, Walter. Ludii Language Reference (), 2023. 519 p.
Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Browne, Cameron. Ludii User Guide (), 2020. 49 p.
Browne, Cameron ; Soemers, Dennis ; Piette, Eric ; Stephenson, Matthew ; Conrad, Michael ; Crist, Walter ; Depaulis, Thierry ; Duggan, Eddie ; Horn, Fred ; Kelk, Steven ; Lucas, Simon ; Neto, Joao Pedro ; Parlett, David ; Saffidine, Abdallah ; Schadler, Ulrich ; Silva, Jorge Nuno ; de Voogt, Alex ; Winands, Mark. Foundations of Digital Archæoludology, 2019. 26 p.
Piette, Eric. Une nouvelle approche au General Game Playing dirigée par les contraintes (), 2016. 216 p.
Piette, Eric. Problème d'appariement : application à l'affectation de stages aux Professeurs des écoles (), 2013. 45 p.